Answer to Question 1
b
Answer to Question 2
An ideal response will:
1, Describe the barriers that have so often thwarted the ascension of third parties into government, with consideration given to electoral institutions that favor the two-party system: winner-take-all (plurality) elections, Electoral College, and campaign financing.
2, Discuss proportional representation, which apportions legislative seats according to the percentage of the vote won by a particular political party, as common to other democracies.