Answer to Question 1
An ideal response will:
1, Describe the institutional and attitudinal barriers that have thwarted the ascension of minor parties into government, such as electoral institutions favoring the two-party system (single-member districts, winner-take-all Electoral College), barriers (ballot access, campaign finance), and voter attitudes (voters afraid of wasting votes on candidates who have no chance at getting representation).
2, Offer a sense of which barriers have been the most effective and why. Answer should differentiate between the institutional and attitudinal barriers. Institutional barriers like first-past-the-post plurality voting and single-member districts are the primary barriers that create negative attitudes toward minor-party voting.
Answer to Question 2
The Speaker
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Government in America: People, Politics, and Policy, AP
Ferrante, Chapter 11, Economics & Politics