Answer to Question 1
Answer: An ideal response will:
1. Explain that the incumbency advantage is the tendency for people in office to be reelected with a great deal of regularity. Factors contributing to the incumbency advantage include visibility, the support of staff members for constituency services, and the scare-off effect.
2. Make an argument for why incumbency may or may not be good for democracy.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: An ideal response will:
1. Define the scare-off effect as the ability of an incumbent to fend off challenges from quality opponents.
2. Explain how the institutional advantages of name recognition, fund-raising, and mailings to constituents serve to discourage opponents from challenging a sitting member of Congress.
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