Answer to Question 1
Answer: An ideal response will:
1. Define grandfather clauses as provisions that allowed Southerners to vote even if they could not afford the poll tax or pass the literacy test, as long as the voters' grandfathers could vote before Reconstruction.
2. Note that grandfather clauses were passed because poll taxes and literacy tests were disenfranchising too many poor, illiterate whites, while the real aim was to disenfranchise African Americans. Grandfather clauses minimized the number of whites who were disenfranchised.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: An ideal response will:
1. List some of the gains made by gay rights groups concerning HIV/AIDS discrimination, insurance policy survivor benefits, and employment issues; court rulings that have upheld the rights of gay people to seek protection from discrimination; and the repeal of Don't Ask, Don't Tell.
2. Identify some of the setbacks, such as President Bill Clinton's compromise through Don't Ask, Don't Tell when Congress and the military objected to a ban on discriminating against gays serving in the military.
3. Describe how the gay rights movement has benefited from recent changes in public opinion. Discuss how same-sex-marriage rights have spread quickly in recent years.
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