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Cocaine was isolated in 1860 and first used as a local anesthetic in 1884. Its first clinical use was by Sigmund Freud to wean a patient from morphine addiction. The fictional character Sherlock Holmes was supposed to be addicted to cocaine by injection.
Intradermal injections are somewhat difficult to correctly administer because the skin layers are so thin that it is easy to accidentally punch through to the deeper subcutaneous layer.
Cancer has been around as long as humankind, but only in the second half of the twentieth century did the number of cancer cases explode.
About one in five American adults and teenagers have had a genital herpes infection—and most of them don't know it. People with genital herpes have at least twice the risk of becoming infected with HIV if exposed to it than those people who do not have genital herpes.
Although the Roman numeral for the number 4 has always been taught to have been "IV," according to historians, the ancient Romans probably used "IIII" most of the time. This is partially backed up by the fact that early grandfather clocks displayed IIII for the number 4 instead of IV. Early clockmakers apparently thought that the IIII balanced out the VIII (used for the number 8) on the clock face and that it just looked better.
![Retrograde pyelogram. A contrast medium is injected into the ureter using a cystoscope, and the X-ra](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_14755_26_10_12_5_21_06_9671618.jpeg)
![This depiction breaks stereotypes, but is historically accurate. Shown here is an Iroquois fort. Can ...](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/27/medium_660366_14_04_17_2_21_15_27785313.png)