|
|
Disorders that may affect pharmacodynamics include genetic mutations, malnutrition, thyrotoxicosis, myasthenia gravis, Parkinson's disease, and certain forms of insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus.
In 1886, William Bates reported on the discovery of a substance produced by the adrenal gland that turned out to be epinephrine (adrenaline). In 1904, this drug was first artificially synthesized by Friedrich Stolz.
Normal urine is sterile. It contains fluids, salts, and waste products. It is free of bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
It is believed that the Incas used anesthesia. Evidence supports the theory that shamans chewed cocoa leaves and drilled holes into the heads of patients (letting evil spirits escape), spitting into the wounds they made. The mixture of cocaine, saliva, and resin numbed the site enough to allow hours of drilling.
More than 30% of American adults, and about 12% of children utilize health care approaches that were developed outside of conventional medicine.
![Development encompasses both gains and losses. Sometimes a health crisis (loss) can result in a heal](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_6_31_05_15_8_20_40_219691194.jpeg)
![Children with Down syndrome have a small head, short, thick neck, flattened face, and a distinctive ...](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_660365_18_01_17_1_36_58_24470192.png)