Answer to Question 1
B
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A Incorrect. Alterations in these roles are not usually as challenging as loss of em-ployment and loss of a spouse. Grandparenting and church membership can of-fer the potential for enhanced social experiences for an older adult; however, adults can age well without them when more basic needs are met.
B Correct. The loss of employment and a spouse are likely to be devastating for an older adult for economic and biopsychosocial reasons. Losing a job not only in-cludes the loss of income and benefits, most notably health insurance, but can include the loss of lifestyle, identity, and sense of importance or purpose in life. When an older adult loses a spouse, the loss can include economic security, es-pecially for woman, and societal roles.
C Incorrect. Alterations in these roles are not always as acutely demanding as loss of a spouse or retirement.
D Incorrect. Alterations in these roles usually call for little or gradual adjustment.
Answer to Question 2
A
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A Correct. The resident is expressing a need that the nurse can potentially deter-mine with gentle questioning.
B Incorrect. Pharmacological intervention can be necessary but should not replace careful evaluation and management of the underlying cause.
C Incorrect. Simply restraining the patient will not address the underlying problem, and imposition of restraints can trigger delirium. Applying a restraint is the last resort, and the nurse must consider the problems that accompany the application of restraints before doing so.
D Incorrect. Placing a companion in the room can be an effective method of keep-ing the resident safe if the companion can determine and meet the resident's needs.
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