Answer to Question 1
B
The nurse assists this adult in maintaining health and wellness by helping him prevent cardi-ovascular disease; as an older African-American man, he has a high risk of stroke, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, he is more likely to die of a stroke or heart attack than other people in the United States. To help him prevent cardiovascular disease, the nurse assists him with lifestyle modifications. Specific recommendations the nurse can make include getting regu-lar exercise; learning the warning signs of heart attack and stroke; maintaining a normal weight; controlling blood pressure; eating a well-balanced, low-fat, no-added-salt diet; and avoiding smoking.
Altering modifiable risk factors is a subgoal to preventing cardiovascular disease. Learn-ing the early warning signs of disease is a subgoal to preventing cardiovascular disease. Although he has no clinical indicators of hyperglycemia, he is at risk for developing diabetes mellitus, which is an important subgoal of preventing cardiovascular disease for an African-American man.
Answer to Question 2
B
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A Incorrect. In older patients the classic presentation of angina pectoris is often absent in what is known as a silent myocardial infarction (MI), with only mild discomfort, perhaps even limited to nausea or heartburn.
B Correct. Because the heart is an ineffective pump in heart failure (HF), both of these can occur when older adults have an MI. Nocturia occurs in heart failure when the heart is unable to maintain adequate renal blood flow in the perfor-mance of daily activities; then, during the night when the patient's lower ex-tremities are elevated for sleep, the heart is able to perfuse the kidneys with the assistance of increased venous return owing to the elevated extremities. Inade-quate urine production is due to inadequate perfusion from an ineffective pump.
C Incorrect. Failure to engage in cardiac rehabilitation exercise is more likely to result in another MI or aggravation of HF than ordinary exertion.
D Incorrect. A person with HF is more likely to have difficulty breathing except when the trunk is upright (orthopnea).
Skin of an African (left) and Asian (right) elephant.
Aneurysm. Photograph of the aorta, the large blood vessel arising from the heart, with a large bulge
The beautiful blood vessels of the human body
The Canadian ballot is considerably simpler than the American ballot. Note there is nothing like a c
American soldiers—some of them regulars in deep blue uniforms, others in buckskin cowboy outfits— fi
Preoperative photograph of a 43-year-old Caucasian male with necrotizing fasciitis on the day of ...