Answer to Question 1
B
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A Incorrect. Chronic illnesses are long-term problems, and cures are not usually available.
B Correct. A chronic illness cannot be cured, but with caring, the nurse can assist the patient to live without being dominated by the demands of the illness.
C Incorrect. If a patient has an incurable illness, the nurse provides a caring envi-ronment to facilitate implementation of the patient's and family's wishes.
D Incorrect. The nurse can help the patient and family to formulate cost-cutting measures if so requested; however, because the nurse is the patient's advocate, the nurse avoids making recommendations about not using services.
Answer to Question 2
A
Because this older adult has a potential cognitive impairment and is likely to self-report pain un-reliably, the nurse uses additional clinical indicators to detect pain. Muscle rigidity and guarding are clinical indicators of pain for a postoperative older adult, regardless of a cognitive impairment. An individual experiencing pain is unlikely to have stable vital signs. Not verbalizing can indicate a sensory impairment and warrants further investigation by the nurse. Nonetheless, this older adult's verbalizations are potentially unreliable indicators of pain. Older adults move normally during sleep to adjust their position in bed; moving during sleep is not an indicator of pain unless the movements are agitated or restless in nature.
Skin signs are objective evidence of an illness or disorder. They can be seen, measured, or felt.
The surgical nurse assists the client into the correct position
The nurse uses a noninvasive bladder ultrasound to measure the client’s bladder volume.
Chronic renal failure
Role of Monoamine Oxidase
An older woman with wrinkled skin, gray hair, and darker teeth, smokes a cigarette.