Answer to Question 1
ANS: A
In normal aging, the heart valves separating the chambers thicken and stiffen as a result of lipid deposits and collagen cross-linking. Mild systolic murmurs (between S1 and S2) are expected findings in the older adult. Aortic and mitral valves are those most commonly affected. If the nurse auscultates a systolic murmur in an asymptomatic older adult, he or she should ask about it. Most older adults will reply that they have had it for a while. If this is not the case, the person is referred to a cardiologist. If the new finding is accompanied by any significant signs or symp-toms of distress, it is a medical emergency. Diastolic murmurs (heard between S2 and S1) are al-ways indicative of a serious problem in cardiac hemodynamics and these persons are followed closely by a cardiologist.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: A, B, C
Options A, B, and C are all roles of the nurse in the stable phase of chronic illness. Option d is a role of the nurse in the preventive phase of chronic illness. Option E is a role of the nurse in the acute phase of chronic illness.
The nurse is using Standard Precautions to draw blood.
Left sided heart failure
Nurse opens sterile package
Pigmented bands in nail of patient with dark skin
Women who are 65 and older have a lower median income from all sources than men in the same age ...
Inadequate Airway, Breathing and Circulation in the Trauma Patient (Part 1)