Answer to Question 1
Researchers have proposed a number of models to explain exactly what happens when information is stored in memory. The standard model has three basic operations: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding refers to how you transform a sensory input into some kind of representation that you can place into memory. Storage refers to how you retain encoded information in memory. Retrieval refers to how you gain access to information stored in memory.
Answer to Question 2
D