Which one of the following examples best illustrates the effect of contiguity on learning?
a. Because you studied hard Thursday night, you do well on an exam Friday morning.
b. Because you did well on Friday's exam, you get a good grade at the end of the semester.
c. As you step onto a tennis court for the first time, you recall how you saw tennis players at Wimbledon serve the ball.
d. Because a classmate embarrasses you in front of your friends, you associate that classmate with bad feelings.
Question 2
Mr. Smart tells his students that they can do whatever they want for the first ten minutes of class, but they must then turn their attention to the day's assignment. The students are delighted with their ten minutes of free time but do not subsequently attend to the assignment when it is time for them to do so. From an instrumental conditioning perspective, what mistake has Mr. Smart made?
a. The reinforcer is not contingent on the response.
b. Reinforcement is not immediate.
c. Free time is not an effective reinforcer for most students.
d. He has used negative reinforcement instead of positive reinforcement.
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