Answer to Question 1
The state of Vermont sampled from the state's population of high school students over a five-year period (1993-1997). They obtained information from different cohorts about the number of students who thought of suicide, made plans, made attempts, and actually required medical intervention after an attempt.
The numbers showed differences across years but were generally stable. As many as a quarter of the students considered suicide. Two to three percent actually required medical attention after an attempt.
Answer to Question 2
Researchers have documented the fact that African Americans may perform worse on a test when they think African Americans to not generally perform well on that test than when they do not believe this.
This type of stereotyping also seems to produce behavior changes for people in different cultures, like the French and the Canadian.
Women also tend to perform less well on tests on which they expect not to do well. The effect has also been documented in European-American men who are expected to perform better in math than women; when they are compared to Asians, who stereotypically perform better, men of European descent perform less well than usual.
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