Answer to Question 1
(a) The wording of a question can lead a respondent in a particular direction, especially with emotionally sensitive topics.
(b) Previous questions have an effect on what kind of information people have in mind when they respond to a later item.
(c) The respondents' beliefs about what the interview is supposed to be about will lead them to tailor their responses so as to be more helpful to the surveyor.
(d) The sensitivity of an issue is critical to whether and how people respond.
(e) The characteristics of the person doing the interview can be important; respondents are more forthcoming with people who are similar to them.
(f) It is hard to distinguish between attitudes that have an attitude already held from those that the respondent has just made up.
(g) It is hard to differentiate between attitudes that are deeply and shallowly held.
Answer to Question 2
Psychological ideas are very complex and have to be simplified to be studied experimentally. In addition, we have to find ways to describe and define concepts so we can measure them. In addition, we have to implement the details regarding our concepts in a practical way.
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