What are the four threats to internal validity that are ...

[strangeaffliction]

What are the four threats to internal validity that are associated with participants?
 
  What will be an ideal response?

Question 2

Where on the continuum of formality of ideas will a beginning student's research likely to fall? Explain your answer.
 
  What will be an ideal response?

[fur]

Answer to Question 1

(a) Selectionpeople in the groups to be compared differ from one another at the outset of the study.
(b) Maturationpeople change over the course of a study either physically or psychologically
(c) Attrition (Mortality)different types of people may leave a study before it is completed
(d) Historyevents not specifically associated with the treatment may affect the outcome for one group.

Answer to Question 2

Students are likely to pose research questions that arise from their own experiences, that is, from less formal points on the continuum. Students' levels of knowledge are going to be less than those of experienced researchers, so students will be less familiar with research to replicate, although after some preliminary study, they might be able to do so. Beginning students are unlikely to come up with significant tests of theory because they are just learning about the content of psychology.

[strangeaffliction]

Gracias!

[alvinum]

Excellent