Answer to Question 1
Planned comparisons are appropriate when you know in advance which groups you want to test for significant differences. Post hoc comparisons are relevant when you examine your data after an experiment, then decide which groups to compare.
Answer to Question 2
Milgram's research occurred not long after World War II, when people were still astonished that the Nazis could act as they did, with blind obedience. In addition, the scare of communism caused many people to believe that communism in America would make people blindly obedient. Thus, the question of obedience was a critical social issue.
Currently, we are less worried about the question of blind obedience in modern society. This issue has been replaced by other issues. Thus the cost of doing Milgram's research (distress experienced by participants, etc.) would not be offset by the benefits (increased knowledge). Thus, a current IRB might consider studies of obedience not to be sufficiently pressing to warrant stressing participants the way Milgram did.
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