Answer to Question 1
Characteristic Possible examplesnot an exhaustive list
Ideas based on dogma and uncritical belief Any set of ideas accepted as true simply because the person believes in those truthscreationism, astrology, homeopathic medicine, etc.
Selective use of data Using one example that confirms a belief even though there are multiple other examples that disconfirm the belief.
Acceptance of proof based on anecdotes Anything resembling an I have a friend whose brother... story.
Use of terms that sound scientific but are not Astrological signs, telekinesis, parapsychology
Answer to Question 2
1 . Research results that appear in the popular media rather than in scientific journals or presented as scientific conferences.
2 . Claims that the so-called scientific establishment is trying to suppress the research results.
3 . Findings that are difficult or impossible to confirm by an independent investigator.
4 . Results that are based on anecdotes or stories.
5 . Claims that the results are valid because people have known about them for centuries.
6 . Results that the investigator claims are unknown by anybody else.
7 . Claims about a finding that violates known laws of nature.
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