Answer to Question 1
Characteristic Possible examplesnot an exhaustive list
Ideas based on dogma and uncritical belief Any set of ideas accepted as true simply because the person believes in those truthscreationism, astrology, homeopathic medicine, etc.
Selective use of data Using one example that confirms a belief even though there are multiple other examples that disconfirm the belief.
Acceptance of proof based on anecdotes Anything resembling an I have a friend whose brother... story.
Use of terms that sound scientific but are not Astrological signs, telekinesis, parapsychology
Answer to Question 2
1 . Research results that appear in the popular media rather than in scientific journals or presented as scientific conferences.
2 . Claims that the so-called scientific establishment is trying to suppress the research results.
3 . Findings that are difficult or impossible to confirm by an independent investigator.
4 . Results that are based on anecdotes or stories.
5 . Claims that the results are valid because people have known about them for centuries.
6 . Results that the investigator claims are unknown by anybody else.
7 . Claims about a finding that violates known laws of nature.
A recombination-based map of one of the chromosomes of Drosophila
Examples of characteristics measured by palpation
Strength Gains: Based on Sets and Repetitions
Performing Transmission-Based Precaution: Isolation Techniques
Using the measuring device to give the correct dose to children
Cladogram Based On DNA Sequence