In which one of the following situations do we definitely have a problem with the predictive validity of a classroom assessment?
a. Ms. Arthur assesses her students' overall physical fitness on Monday; she then assesses it again the following Monday. Students who perform well one week are not the same ones who perform well the following week.
b. Ms. Benavidez uses a test of mechanical aptitude to determine which students are ready for her physics class. She finds out later that the students who scored worst on the mechanical aptitude test are some of the best students in physics.
c. Ms. Candelaria tells students to study Chapter 14 but mistakenly gives them a test over Chapter 15 instead.
d. For her class of 35 students, Ms. D'Amato devises a test that must be given to students one at a time and requires 2 hours for each student.
Question 2
Which one of the following teachers is most likely to score his or her essay tests reliably?
a. Mr. Achziger scores students' responses to each question on a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 means inadequate and 5 means excellent.
b. Ms. Brodzinski scores each student's test in its entirety before moving to the next student's test.
c. Ms. Cullen arranges the tests with her higher-achieving students' responses at the top; their responses will give her an idea of what a good response is like as she continues to grade other students' papers.
d. Mr. Duning identifies the components that a good response should include and awards a specific number of points for each component he finds in a student's response.