Answer to Question 1
ANSWER: To see the rainbow, we must face the falling rain with the sun at our backs. When we see a rainbow in the evening, we are facing east toward the rainshower. Behind usin the westit is usually clear, or at least clear enough for sunlight to reach the showers. Because clouds tend to move from west to east in middle latitudes, the clear skies in the west suggest that the showers will give way to clearing. However, when we see a rainbow in the morning, we are facing west, toward the rainshower. It is a good bet that the clouds and showers will move toward us and it will rain soon. These observations explain why this weather rhyme became popular.
Answer to Question 2
ANSWER: Occasionally, a bright arc of light may be seen at the top of a 22 halo. Since the arc is tangent to the halo, it is called a tangent arc. Apparently, the arc forms as large six-sided (hexagonal), pencil-shaped ice crystals fall with their long axes horizontal to the ground. Refraction of sunlight through the ice crystals produces the bright arc of light. When the Sun is on the horizon, the arc that forms at the top of the halo is called an upper tangent arc. When the Sun is above the horizon, a lower tangent arc may form on the lower part of the halo beneath the Sun. The shape of the arcs changes greatly with the position of the Sun.
Vincent van Gogh, The Night Café.
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