Answer to Question 1
ANSWER: Answers may vary. One possible answer is the following. Thunderstorms are convective storms that form with rising air. So the birth of a thunderstorm typically involves warm, moist air rising in a conditionally unstable environment. The rising air may be a parcel of air ranging in size from a large balloon to a city block, or an entire layer, or slab of air, may be lifted. As long as the rising air is warmer (less dense) than the air surrounding it, there is an upward-directed buoyant force acting on it. The warmer the parcel is compared to its surroundings, the greater the buoyant force and the stronger the convection. The trigger (or forcing mechanism) needed to start air moving upward may be
1. random, turbulent eddies that lift small bubbles of air
2. unequal heating at the surface
3. the effect of terrain (such as small hills) or the lifting of air along shallow boundaries of converging surface winds
4. large-scale uplift along mountain barriers and rising terrain
5. diverging upper-level winds, coupled with converging surface winds and rising air
6. warm air rising along a frontal zone
Usually, several of these mechanisms work together with vertical wind shear to generate severe thunderstorms.
Answer to Question 2
ANSWER: Lightning rods
Changes in Earth's atmospheric carbon dioxide levels over geological time.
Atmospheric pressure decreases as altitude increases.
Changing leaf area: (a) following rainfall ocotillo plants of the Sonoran Desert develop leaves and
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