Answer to Question 1
ANSWER: The polar jet stream forms in the North and in response to temperature contrasts along the polar front. It is situated at a lower altitude of about 10 km (33,000 ft), near the polar front, than the subtropical jet stream.
Answer to Question 2
ANSWER: The ultimate cause of jet streams is the energy imbalance that exists between high and low latitudes. In more detail, the polar front is a boundary separating cold polar air to the north from warm subtropical air to the south, and the greatest contrast in air temperature occurs along the frontal zone. This rapid change in temperature produces a rapid change in pressure. The sudden change in pressure along the front sets up a steep pressure (contour) gradient that intensifies the wind speed and causes the jet stream.
The Dugong is an endangered species; the largest remaining population is found in Australian waters
Water's Covalent Bonds Are Polar
Anatomically modern humans from the Israeli cave sites of Skhul and Qafzeh may be the earliest found
The Upper Troposphere: The Polar Front and Jet Streams
The Upper Troposphere: The Polar Front and Jet Streams
A sampling of the modified and unusual bases found in tRNAs