Answer to Question 1
Peat forms from vegetation that accumulates in bogs and swamps where the water is deficient in oxygen. Bacteria that decompose vegetation can live without oxygen, but their wastes must be oxidized, and because little or no oxygen is present, wastes build up and kill the bacteria. Decomposition ceases, and the vegetation forms organic muck, which if buried and compressed becomes peat.
Answer to Question 2
C