Answer to Question 1
cosmology
Answer to Question 2
To design earthquake-resistant structures, engineers must understand the dynamics and mechanics of earthquakes, including the type and duration of the ground motion and how
rapidly the ground accelerates during an earthquake. An understanding of the area's geology is also important because certain ground materials such as water-saturated sediments or landfill can lose their strength and cohesiveness during an earthquake. Finally, engineers must be aware of how different structures behave under different earthquake conditions and design buildings that can withstand those conditions.