Answer to Question 1
ANSWER: Basalt consists of rock that comes from the magma in Earths mantle. Rising basalt is hot enough to melt the silica-rich material of continental plates. Rhyolite is the result of hot basalt melting continental plate material.
Answer to Question 2
ANSWER: Possible answers taken from the text include that:
- the coastlines of South America and Africa have similar shapes, implying that these landmasses were once joined, then moved apart
- ancient rocks, fossils, and the shape of mountain ranges are similar at places where the current continents were once connected in a supercontinent
- evidence of ancient glacial processes implies that the same glaciers moved through areas on several different continents, implying that they were once joined
- fossils of species from warm climates have been found in the Arctic and Antarctic, implying that the fossils were created when the land was in a warm climate zone, but that the land has since moved to a cold climate zone
- the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a center for numerous earthquakes and implies that the ridge could result from the spreading of the seafloor away from a central area
- magnetic effects detectable in rocks around the Mid-Atlantic Ridge prove that the ridge is created by slowly emerging basalt which moves away from a divergent zone
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