Answer to Question 1
B
Answer to Question 2
Variations in salinity are primarily a consequence of changes in the water content of the solution. Processes that add large amounts of fresh water to seawaterand thereby decrease salinityinclude precipitation, runoff from land, icebergs melting, and sea ice melting. Processes that remove large amounts of fresh water from seawaterand thereby increase seawater salinityinclude evaporation and the formation of sea ice. High salinities, for example, are found where evaporation rates are high. Conversely, where large amounts of precipitation dilute ocean waters, as in the midlatitudes and near the equator, lower salinities prevail.