A teacher wants to use a norm-referencing framework to interpret Ashley's standardized test score. Ashley is a sixth-grade student in a high socioeconomic status community in the Northeast. Which of the following norm groups should the teacher give the first priority for interpreting Ashley's score?
a. National norms representing sixth grade students in schools of all sizes and from all geographic locations.
b. Regional norms representing sixth grade students in large urban schools in the Northeast.
c. Regional norms representing sixth grade students in private and higher socioeconomic schools in the Northeast.
d. Local norms representing only sixth grade students in Ashley's community.
Question 2
Why should local norms always be used in addition to national norms when making norm-referenced interpretations of standardized test scores?
a. Local norms provide a clear educational standard.
b. Local norms measure educational growth more accurately.
c. Local norms contain students with the same educational background and community experience.
d. All of the above.
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