Answer to Question 1
1 The first organisms formed near hydrothermal vents and were hyperthermophilic, and all life evolved from these original hyperthermophiles.
2 Life originated (perhaps near a vent, perhaps not), evolved, and spread to a number of different environments before a giant meteorite impact vaporized the surface ocean, killing all surface life. The only survivors of this impact were hyperthermophiles in the deep ocean. These hyperthermophiles went on to be the ancestors of all life after this point.
Answer to Question 2
B
Chair made from tree
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Hourglass effleurage around the tops of shoulders and base of the neck.