Answer to Question 1
European economic cooperation began at the end of World War II, based around coal and steel. The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), established in 1952 by France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg, became the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1957 as the result of the Treaty of Rome. In 1965 through the Brussels Treaty, the EEC added a political union to the economic component, becoming the European Community (EC). In 1991, the EC became today's European Union under the terms of the Maastricht Treaty. Additional elements of the European Union have included a monetary union (and creation of the Euro) and the Schengen Agreement reduced boundary issues among the EU members who signed this treaty. As of late 2010, there are 27 EU members, with several more countries (including Turkey and Iceland) asking to join.
Answer to Question 2
A