The mental processes used in solving arithmetic and other math ...

[Mr3Hunna]

The mental processes used in solving arithmetic and other math problems have been
  described by Kintsch and Greeno (1985) as involving
 
  a. knowledge telling
  b. set schemas and change schemas
  c. rote learning and memorization
  d. negative attitudes and beliefs

Question 2

If you want to substitute a short test for a longer version of the same test,
  you should test the criterion-related validity of the test by conducting a
 
  a. predictive study
  b. criterion study
  c. construct study
  d. concurrent study

[Anton]

Answer to Question 1

b

Answer to Question 2

D