Answer to Question 1
First, cognitive factors exist. Alcohol and drug abuse decreases academic achievement. For example, research has identified a link between long-term marijuana use and lowered IQ. Second, students who abuse alcohol and drugs place themselves at risk for problems such as damage to their health, car accidents, and even suicide. And third, alcohol and drug users are less likely to exercise, and they're less likely to develop healthy mechanisms for coping with life's problems.
Answer to Question 2
a