Answer to Question 1
Deliberate practice is an approach to problem solving that is systematic and intentional. It is important because it can lead to high levels of expertise, whereas simply spending more time studying doesn't necessarily increase expertise. Deliberate practice has the following characteristics: (1) It is goal directed. Individuals identify skills they want to improve and practice those skills before moving on. (2) The practice is systematic. For example, learners practice every day. (3) Learners practice in real-world settings.
Answer to Question 2
The two primary challenges involved in attempting to improve our students' problem-solving abilities are first, lack of background knowledge. As in all areas of learning, background knowledge is essential for problem solving. People's thinking is the second challenge, particularly with students, and even more particularly with young students. First, students are inclined to accept answers whether or not they make sense, and second, students tend to use superficial strategies to solve many problems. These strategies are often quite successful, but they may bypass understanding completely.
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