In the context of sociology, the term norms refers to a) ...

[SAVANNAHHOOPER23]

In the context of sociology, the term norms refers to
 
  a) long-term goals established by a group or society
  b) guidelines for defining the scope of a research project
  c) characteristics that change from person to person within a group
  d) culturally based rules about appropriate behavior in social situations

Question 2

A defense mechanism is a method of reducing anxiety by
 
  a) denying or distorting a situation or problem
  b) using conflict resolution techniques such as negotiation
  c) enumerating the pros and cons of a particular course of action
  d) formulating a hypothesis about the causes of a problem or situation

[Mholman93]

Answer to Question 1

d

Answer to Question 2

a