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The average human gut is home to perhaps 500 to 1,000 different species of bacteria.
There are more nerve cells in one human brain than there are stars in the Milky Way.
It is believed that the Incas used anesthesia. Evidence supports the theory that shamans chewed cocoa leaves and drilled holes into the heads of patients (letting evil spirits escape), spitting into the wounds they made. The mixture of cocaine, saliva, and resin numbed the site enough to allow hours of drilling.
Since 1988, the CDC has reported a 99% reduction in bacterial meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae, due to the introduction of the vaccine against it.
In most cases, kidneys can recover from almost complete loss of function, such as in acute kidney (renal) failure.