What are the major steps being taken to reduce emissions from ...

[chandani]

What are the major steps being taken to reduce emissions from passenger vehicles? What are the CAFE standards, and how are they changing?
 
  What will be an ideal response?

Question 2

What are examples of countries in different stages of demographic transition?
 
  What will be an ideal response?

[katara]

Answer to Question 1

The use of catalytic converters in cars has reduced emissions dramatically. In addition, new cars sold in 1994 were required to emit 30 less VOCs and 60 less nitrogen oxides. In 1992, oxygen began to be added to gasoline to reduce carbon monoxide emissions. After 1990, inspections began to be required for measuring emissions. Finally, CAFE standards have set fuel economy standards for motor vehicles.

Answer to Question 2

See Figure 8-23 for an explanation of the demographic transition with examples of countries currently going through each phase (Afghanistan, Uganda, Zambia, Ghana, Guatemala, Iraq, India, Gabon, Malaysia, Brazil, Germany, and Japan).