Answer to Question 1
Coastal aquaculture provides food sources for humans without the bycatch that is possible in the open areas of the ocean. However, in order to make suitable spaces for such aquaculture, mangroves are being converted. Such mangroves actually provide significantly more environmental and economic benefit to the area than the aquaculture. Also, because pollution levels are highest near the coast, contamination of the populations is common. In open-ocean aquaculture, on the other hand, pollution is not as much of a problem. The problem with open-ocean aquaculture is that production levels are very low.
Answer to Question 2
At Kyoto, 38 industrial and former Eastern Bloc nations agreed to reduce emissions of six greenhouse gases to 5.2 below 1990 levels, to be achieved by 2012 . It was largely unsuccessful, with large developed countries like the United States not willing to participate. In 2000 in Copenhagen, Denmark, 187 countries committed to setting emissions targets in the Copenhagen Accord. In 2007 a meeting occurred in Bali for planning to reduce global greenhouse emissions; however, in 2013, many countries walked out of negotiations because developing nations were not receiving the aid they were promised for making changes.
Andreas Gursky, Ocean II.
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