Answer to Question 1
Composition and physical characteristics of the parent material; climate (precipitation and temperature); vegetation; time; relief.
Answer to Question 2
Calcite forms in soil when there is a high concentration of calcium and carbonate ions in the soil solution. The high ion concentrations only occur when the evaporation of soil solution is high. In humid regions there is always enough water to keep concentrations low and the ions are flushed through the soil into deeper ground water. In places that are warm and dry, the soils get dried out, leaving behind a precipitate of calcite and other minerals like gypsum and halite.
Soil profile exposed in a boreal forest site, showing LFH, A, B, and C horizons.
Water potentials decrease (become more negative) as one moves from soil to plant to atmosphere
Unique markings identify individual humpback whales.
Hormonal and nervous factors influencing blood pressure
Overview of factors affecting renin release: (a) activation of the sympathetic nervous system; (b) ...
The U.S. military uses its own marking system to identify explosive hazards (left), chemical hazards ...