Answer to Question 1
Answer: Volcanic phenomena and volcanic landforms closely depend on two properties of magma: gas content and viscosity. Gas content determines how explosive eruptions will be and the relative proportion of lava flows and pyroclastic deposits that eruptions will produce. More gas-rich magmas are more explosive. Viscosity determines whether lava flows are thin and widespread, or thick and short. Lower viscosity produces more fluid flows. Viscosity and gas content are in large part determined by magma composition, and both properties increase with increasing silica content.
Answer to Question 2
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Answer to Question 3
Answer: When rocks partially melt, the resulting liquid magma is less dense than the remaining solids and rises. If, however, the magma encounters less dense rock as it ascends toward the surface, then the magma stalls and crystallizes. Rock temperature decreases as magma moves near the surface. If magma does not rise quickly, then its heat is conducted to surrounding rocks and the melt cools and crystallizes before it can erupt on the surface. Most water-rich magma crystallizes below ground because the magma solidifies as it releases dissolved water at shallow depths.
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