Author Question: Which of the following pathophysiologic conditions are considered as mediators of secondary brain ... (Read 8 times)

K@ · **on:** Jul 16, 2018

Which of the following pathophysiologic conditions are considered as mediators of secondary brain injury in the presence of traumatic brain injury? I. elevated intracranial pressure II. hyperglycemia III. hypoglycemia IV. hypotension

A. I, II only
B. I, III only
C. II, III, IV only
D. I, II, III, IV only

Question 2

Which of the following conditions are responsible for the development of respiratory failure in patients who develop this condition from traumatic brain injury? I. interstitial lung disease II. neurogenic pulmonary edema III. acute respiratory distress syndrome IV. neurogenic pleural effusion

A. I, II only
B. II, III only
C. I, III, IV only
D. II, III, IV only

kjo;oj · **Reply #1 on:** Jul 16, 2018

Answer to Question 1

ANS: D
A. Incorrect response: See explanation D.
B. Incorrect response: See explanation D.
C. Incorrect response: See explanation D.
D. Correct response: The following conditions are secondary mediators of brain injury in the presence of traumatic brain injury:
Hypoxia
Hypotension
Hypercarbia or hypocarbia
Hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia
Elevated intracranial pressure
Hyperpyrexia
Traumatic brain injury is characterized by primary irreversible injury from the initial insult, and the potential for secondary injury related to physiologic abnormalities and nosocomial complications often seen in critically ill patients.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: B
A. Incorrect response: See explanation B.
B. Correct response: Patients with TBI may have associated respiratory failure in 25 to 50 of the cases from causes such as:
Direct chest trauma
Neurogenic pulmonary edema
Aspiration
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Ventilator associated pneumonia
C. Incorrect response: See explanation B.
D. Incorrect response: See explanation B.