Which of the following pathophysiologic conditions are considered ...

[K@]

Which of the following pathophysiologic conditions are considered as mediators of secondary brain injury in the presence of traumatic brain injury? I. elevated intracranial pressure II. hyperglycemia III. hypoglycemia IV. hypotension
 
  A. I, II only
  B. I, III only
  C. II, III, IV only
  D. I, II, III, IV only

Question 2

Which of the following conditions are responsible for the development of respiratory failure in patients who develop this condition from traumatic brain injury? I. interstitial lung disease II. neurogenic pulmonary edema III. acute respiratory distress syndrome IV. neurogenic pleural effusion
 
  A. I, II only
  B. II, III only
  C. I, III, IV only
  D. II, III, IV only

[kjo;oj]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: D
A. Incorrect response: See explanation D.
B. Incorrect response: See explanation D.
C. Incorrect response: See explanation D.
D. Correct response: The following conditions are secondary mediators of brain injury in the presence of traumatic brain injury:
  Hypoxia
  Hypotension
  Hypercarbia or hypocarbia
  Hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia
  Elevated intracranial pressure
  Hyperpyrexia
Traumatic brain injury is characterized by primary irreversible injury from the initial insult, and the potential for secondary injury related to physiologic abnormalities and nosocomial complications often seen in critically ill patients.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: B
A. Incorrect response: See explanation B.
B. Correct response: Patients with TBI may have associated respiratory failure in 25 to 50 of the cases from causes such as:
  Direct chest trauma
  Neurogenic pulmonary edema
  Aspiration
  Acute respiratory distress syndrome
  Ventilator associated pneumonia
C. Incorrect response: See explanation B.
D. Incorrect response: See explanation B.

[K@]

Gracias!

[yeungji]

Thanks for the timely response, appreciate it