Answer to Question 1
ANS: A
A. Correct response: Level 4 events are not a function of ventilator system malfunction, nor do they impact ventilator function. Alarm sites are only on the patient. Although many newer generation ventilators do not contain any such alarm system as an integral part of the ventilator's operation, these events can have significant clinical impact. However, these events are detected by alarms external to the ventilator and internal to the independent monitor itself. Such monitors as pulse oximeter, cardiac monitor, or blood gas analyzer are examples of external monitors with their own alarm systems.
B. Incorrect response: See explanation A.
C. Incorrect response: See explanation A.
D. Incorrect response: See explanation A.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: B
A. Incorrect response: Pneumotachometers that use differential pressure to determine flow from pressure drop across a known resistance.
B. Correct response: Hot wire pneumotachometers operate on the principle that cooling of a heated wire is proportional to the gas flow past it. The rate of cooling depends on the gas viscosity and the thermal conductivity.
C. Incorrect response: Ultrasonic pneumotachometers use an ultrasonic transmitter-receiver and function on the principle that ultrasonic transit times are proportional to gas flow.
D. Incorrect response: Fleisch is another name for the pneumotachometer described in explanation A.
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