Answer to Question 1
ANS: C
The subclavian, internal jugular, external jugular, femoral, or antecubital veins may be used for access for pulmonary artery catheters. A surgical cut down is often necessary when the subclavi-an or antecubital veins are used. This is done so that the vein may be visualized directly to facili-tate catheter entry. It is especially useful in cases of hypovolemic shock and trauma when periph-eral cannulation is difficult or impossible.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: A
This figure shows a pressure range of 2-6 mm Hg which is consistent with the right atrium. It also shows the characteristic respiratory fluctuations. The systolic pressure for the right ventricle is as high as 25 mm Hg, which is not seen in the figure. The systolic and diastolic ranges for pulmo-nary artery pressure are 15-35 and 5-15 mm Hg, respectively. This is higher than what is shown in the figure. Pulmonary capillary pressure when wedged is usually between 5 and 12 mm Hg, which is somewhat higher than what is shown in the figure.
Overview of blood flow through vessels in a closed circulatory system.
Blood vessels: (A) normal artery, (B) constriction, and (C) arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis.
Cystoscopy. In this procedure, a specialized endoscope with a rigid tube, known as a cystoscope, is
The beautiful blood vessels of the human body
The patient's signature on the informed consent form indicates that the patient understands the
Some Standard Shapes of Greek Vessels