Answer to Question 1
ANS: D
With assist-control mode, every breath is supported by the ventilator. Breaths are patient- or time-triggered to inspiration and may be volume or pressure limited. Inspiration may be volume, pressure, or time cycled to the expiratory phase. Assist-control ventilation typically is delivered as volume-controlled (VC) continuous mandatory ventilation. Suggested initial settings for as-sist-control volume ventilation in the care of adults are listed in Box 48-4. Advantages of as-sist-control volume ventilation include the assurance that a minimum, safe level of ventilation is achieved. Every breath is a volume breath, yet the patient can set his or her own breathing rate. In the event of sedation or apnea, a minimum, safe level of ventilation is guaranteed by the selection of an appropriate backup rate, usually approximately 2 to 4 breaths/min below the patient's assist rate, but not less than the rate necessary to provide a minimum safe level of ventilation (e.g., a backup rate of at least 8 to 10 breaths/min, depending on tidal volume set). Because assist-control ventilation usually provides full ventilatory support, it may result in a lower work of breathing than partial support modes.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: A
Ventilation strategies for lung protection in ARDS include a low VT, rapid respiratory rates, and permissive hypercapnia if necessary to avoid overdistention or Pplat greater than 28 cm H2O.
Feedforward control of breathing rate in an animal trained for athletic exercise.
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A symbol used on a Chrysler vehicle indicating a fault with the electronic throttle control.
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