Answer to Question 1
ANS: D
Pneumomediastinum, is a form of barotrauma, may result from movement of air into the medias-tinum, as may also be seen in cases of esophageal rupture (Figure 21-30). This usually occurs in the distal portion of the esophagus in patients who undergo procedures to stretch or dilate the esophagus. Chest trauma may cause rupture of a main bronchus, also allowing movement of air into the mediastinum. Rarely, air dissects down from the soft tissues of the neck after thyroid, parathyroid, or tonsillar surgery. Gas associated with a retrotonsillar abscess may also move down to the mediastinum through the fascial planes of the neck. Air that accumulates in the retroperi-toneum may enter the mediastinum via openings in the diaphragm for the aorta or esophagus.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: B
CT is the best type of imaging for assessing most mediastinal masses.
To clear an obstructed airway in an infant (A) use chest thrusts followed by (B) back blows.
A chest X-ray showing pneumonia characterized by the patch of gray-white areas.
Pneumonia patient’s chest x-ray. Note the irregular areas of density.
Stretch the hip in lateral flexion. Bring the knee toward the chest. Place one hand on the shoulder ...
Fingertip rake over sternum and pectoralis muscles from midline to lateral chest. Adjust for women. ...
Causes of Trauma Deaths by Approximate Percentage