Normal heart sounds are created primarily by which of the ...

[fox]

Normal heart sounds are created primarily by which of the following?
 
  a. Opening of the heart valves
  b. Rush of blood during systole
  c. Closing of the heart valves
  d. Electrical conduction in the heart

Question 2

Which of the following conditions would tend to shift the point of maximal impulse (PMI) far-ther to the left?
 
  1. Pulmonary emphysema
  2. Collapse of the left lower lobe
  3. Collapse of the right lower lobe
  4. Right-sided tension pneumothorax
  a. 1, 2, and 3 only
  b. 2 and 4 only
  c. 2, 3, and 4 only
  d. 1, 2, 3, and 4

[djofnc]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: C
Normal heart sounds are created by closure of the heart valves.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: B
The PMI may shift either left or right, following deviations in the position of the lower medias-tinum, which may be caused by pneumothorax or lobar collapse. Typically, the PMI shifts toward lobar collapse but away from a tension pneumothorax. The PMI in patients with emphysema and low flat diaphragms may be shifted centrally to the epigastric area.

[fox]

Thanks for the timely response, appreciate it

[amcvicar]

Gracias!