Which of following are considered nonhydroxide bases? 1. Ammonia ...

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Which of following are considered nonhydroxide bases? 1. Ammonia 2. Carbonates 3. Certain proteins 4. Ammonium
 
  a. 2 and 3 only
  b. 1, 2, and 3 only
  c. 1 and 4 only
  d. 1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 2

Which of the following is a facet of blood proteins?
 
  a. Blood proteins are composed of amino acids held together by fatty acids.
  b. Deoxygenated hemoglobin (Hb) is unable to accept H+ ions.
  c. In an alkaline environment, blood proteins can act as bases.
  d. The imidazole group on amino acids is the key binding site for other amino acids.

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Answer to Question 1

ANS: B
Nonhydroxide bases. Ammonia and carbonates are good examples of nonhydroxide bases. Pro-teins, with their amino groups, also can serve as nonhydroxide bases.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: C
Protein bases. Proteins are composed of amino acids bound together by peptide links. Physiolog-ic reactions in the body occur in a mildly alkaline environment. This allows proteins to act as H+ receptors, or bases. Cellular and blood proteins acting as bases are transcribed as prot. The imid-azole group of the amino acid histidine is an example of an H+ acceptor on a protein molecule (Figure 12-4). The ability of proteins to accept hydrogen ions limits H+ activity in solution, which is called buffering. The ability of hemoglobin to accept (i.e., buffer) H+ ions depends on its oxy-genation state. Deoxygenated (reduced) hemoglobin is a stronger base (i.e., a better H+ acceptor) than oxygenated hemoglobin.

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