In which assignment does Ms. Carlson expect her students to use formal operational thinking?
a. Ms. Carlson asked students to create mind maps representing their understanding of the organization of the state government.
b. Ms. Carlson instructed students to use the note-taking strategy they learned earlier to make notes during a guest lecturer's presentation.
c. Ms. Carlson asked students to think of metaphors for the current state of the economy in the U.S.
d. Ms. Carlson told students to share their summary of the story with their partner and compare perceptions.
Question 2
Mr. Grant is a reflective teacher who is always trying to improve his teaching practices to increase student learning. He has conducted several research projects and changed teaching strategies on the basis of the results. In his latest reflections, he predicted that his low-achieving students would complete their spelling tasks in less time and score higher on spelling tests if he began using a buddy system. In the research cycle, Mr. Grant has developed:
a. a theory.
b. a principle.
c. a hypothesis.
d. a plan for data analysis.
