In Islam, the _____ is the fundamental confession of faith: There is no god but God, and Muhammad is God's prophet.
A) hadith
B) umma
C) fatwa
D) shahada
Question 2
Identify a basic principle of the military aspect of jihad.
A) Violence should be used as much as possible to advance the cause of Islam.
B) Military action should not be used against Muslim nations.
C) Islamic countries may initiate conflicts against another state solely for religious reasons.
D) Muslims must publicly and formally declare war in a fatwa before commencing any military action.
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