Answer to Question 1
The core teaching are represented by the Four Noble Truths1. existence represents suffering due the impermanence of the world so that holding on to things of the world creates a sense of loss. 2. this suffering is created by inappropriate desire that cause on to cling to the cycle of death and rebirth 3. suffering can be eliminated by stopping all egotistical desires and attachment, these desires can be discarded by following a lifestyle based on the Eightfold Path (correct perception, conduct, and meditation). When one reaches enlightenment karma no longer traps people in the involuntary cycle of suffering and rebirth. All beings are interconnected.
Answer to Question 2
Sanhatana dharmathe eternal set of principles that have guided the universe since eternity. The Hindu worldview emphasizes that: (1) the universe is permeated by a spiritual power (2) the divine life is present in all beings, (3) human beings belong to the same family because they represent a spark of the divine (4) true happiness can be achieved by a cooperative commonwealth that ensures the welfare of all beings, and (5) all religions are only partial approaches to finding the ultimate reality, and (5) all religions are only partial approaches to finding the ultimate reality. The universe is circular without beginning or end. Human beings go through thousands of re-births (including animals or plants) before reaching salvation. Karma emphasizes that our actions have consequences in this process. Kindness and devotion to God bring good karma while unkindness yields bad karma. God as Brahman is the ultimate reality who is creator and caretaker of the universe. God as Brahman is the ultimate reality who is creator and caretaker of the universe.