When 5-year-old Clinton looks at the road map his parents are using to plan a trip, he laughs and exclaims, That's silly. Our car can't fit on roads that small Which one of the following best explains Clinton's statement?
a. Clinton is only beginning to develop proportional reasoning.
b. Clinton doesn't yet fully appreciate the symbolic nature of maps.
c. Clinton is the victim of infantile amnesia, in that he can't remember other road maps he's previously seen.
d. Clinton's working memory capacity is insufficient to enable him to look at all parts of the map simultaneously.
Question 2
Alicia, Amy, and Ann are in the same tenth-grade history class; the girls are from different ethnic backgrounds. They are studying together for a test on World War II. The girls share the opinion that racism was a widespread problem during the war, but they disagree about which actions were most racist in nature. Which one of the following explanations of their differences is most consistent with contemporary theories of cognitive development?
a. After puberty, many youngsters (especially girls) tend to enjoy a good argument.
b. At their age, they probably don't yet have a good understanding of such an abstract concept as racism.
c. Their differing heritages lead them to bring different knowledge bases to their interpretations of history.
d. Children whose parents or grandparents immigrated from one country to another tend to have exceptionally strong opinions about many issues.
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