Several recent international studies combine data from many different countries comparing the scores of high school boys and girls in mathematics. What do these meta-analyses indicate about mathematical achievement?
a. Boys scored higher than girls in Russia and most of the European nations.
b. Girls scored higher than boys in the United States and most other countries.
c. There are few differences in mathematics achievement for boys and girls.
d. Boys scored higher than girls on computations and on word problems.
Question 2
Robert feels lost in his biology class. He wants to raise his hand and ask the teacher to explain how two cells that have the same genetic material can have different morphology and behavior. He doesn't raise his hand because he is so afraid the other students will laugh at him, call him stupid, and talk about him after class. Robert's thinking is typical of what researchers refer to as:
a. reversion to childhood egocentricism.
b. the sense of an imaginary audience.
c. phobia of taking risks.
d. dual processing.
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