Answer to Question 1
A ring block is the injection of local anesthetic completely around the base of an appendage or
protuberance to anesthetize or numb it.
Answer to Question 2
Most often they are used when anesthesia is to be maintained by inhalant anesthetic.
Other reasons for intubation include protection of the airway from aspiration of gastric or
rumenal juices and to support ventilation of the patient.
Nasotracheal intubation may be used to access or maintain the airway in foals and small
horses (<100kg).
